Vitamin A, also known as vitamin A, is also known as vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K, both belong to fat-soluble vitamins. Everyone has learned this health education in China. Today we will discuss the related issues of vitamin A in depth. In Taiwan's health products market, it is difficult for you to see products that focus on vitamin A. If you contain vitamin A, the role of vitamin A is usually only one of the compound ingredients. Although the discussion on vitamin A is not as popular as vitamin D or calcification tablets, you can not underestimate it because of this. If you lack it in your body, you will have big problems! In this article, the nutritionists and doctors of the MedPartner team will fully let you know what physiological functions does vitamin A have? What problems arise when there is a lack of it? It also reminds you which foods should you take from for daily diet, and then what points should you pay attention to when buying related health products. Before the official article begins, we will put the focus here.
Vitamin A Knowledge Points
● Vitamin A There are two types: Vitamin A from animals , and three types of turmeric saccharin from plants● Under normal diet of Taiwanese people, most people are less likely to lack vitamin A , on the contrary, you should pay attention to the problem of excessive amounts
●Sea liver oil and internal foods are rich in vitamin A, especially liver. Pay attention to eating too much
●Sea liver oil supplements vitamin A; fish oil supplements EPA and DHA, and the two are different
●Some fish liver oil products are sweet and delicious. Children will eat too much if they are accidentally eaten, so parents must pay attention!
●If too much vitamin A is taken, symptoms will occur; however, beta-Hushu and Yehuang should not be taken together, as it will interfere with each other's absorption
●If you are ready for pregnancy and pregnant women, do not need to supplement vitamin A specifically to avoid affecting fetal growth and development, but the third stage of pregnancy can slightly increase the intake
What is vitamin A? What are the effects on the body?{twenty two} {twenty three}
vitamin A (also known as vitamin A) is a fat-soluble vitamin that must be taken with oil to have good digestion and absorption. Vitamin A is not a single ingredient, it is actually the general name of retinol, retinal, retinoic acid and retinyl ester. You may think this is unfamiliar with it. For example, the more commonly known as vitamin A acid is vitamin A acid, which is commonly known as A acid. Whether taken orally or externally, it is a drug that has a temporary effect on acne!
No matter what form of vitamin A you eat, they will first be converted into vitiligo alcohol, stored in the liver in an esterified form, and then released when needed, and will be converted into vitiligo aldehydes and vitiligo acids that can develop physiological functions. When you have sufficient diet, more than 90% of vitamin A in the body is stored in the liver. Unless a person has insufficient diet for a long time, it is not easy to see a deficiency in vitamin A. In addition, most of the vitamin A contained in animal foods are esterified esters. However, while eating, you will also eat vitiligo aldehydes and vitiligo acids in small quantities (Ref. 3).
Viotamin A can help maintain normal vision, gene expression, integrity of epithelial mucosa, reproduction, embryonic development, growth and immune function. Since the efficacy of some vitamin A is supported by a fairly complete certificate, general foods with vitamin A can legally indicate the following text, "help maintain a dark vision, enhance the health of the skin and mucosa, and help the development and growth of teeth and bones."
How to know if you have vitamin A deficiency
Generally, you can test the concentration of vitiligo and vegetative genus from blood to evaluate whether vitamin A is lacking. However, when evaluating the status of vitamin A, you will encounter restrictions. Because this concentration will not fall until the liver has exhausted vitamin A. So even if you take blood tests and tests, it seems that the concentration of NET alcohols and citrus is not low, and there is no way to confirm that your liver has enough vitamin A, which can only prove that the liver has not used up.
How do you know the amount of liver vitamin A? In clinical practice, the dose reaction can be used to measure interlinking. Compared with the changes in the concentration of Vitamin A before and after oral administration of Vitamin A, if the concentration of Vitamin A in blood increases by more than 20% after administration, it means that Vitamin A is lacking. In clinical applications, the blood concentration of the Internet is sufficient to represent a significant lack.
Video alcohol concentrations below 0.7 mmol/L (or 20 mcg/dL) represent vitamin A deficiency, but in some people, 0.7-1.05 mmol/L may be close to deficiency. In some studies, some provitamin A types of saccharides have a higher concentration of saccharides, which is related to lower health risks, but studies have not proved the cause and effect.
What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
As for the current living standards in Taiwan, ordinary people are not likely to suffer from vitamin A deficiency. But in developing countries, it is more likely to occur because people in these countries have difficulty consuming vitamin A-rich foods. According to the world's hygiene organization, there are 190 million pre-age children and more than 19 million pregnant women in the world whose blood is lower than 0.7 mmol/L.
What happens if vitamin A is really lacking? Night blindness, dry eye disease, dry skin, hair loss or easy infection, etc. are all symptoms that may be caused by vitamin A deficiency. Recommended Intakes for Vitamin A
The Ministry of Health and Welfare has provided suggestions for various nutrients. The following table is excerpted from the reference intakes of vitamin A for dietary nutrition for Chinese people. Recommended Intakes and upper limit intakes. The RE in the table (Retinol Equivalent, amount of vitiligo) is a unit used to represent the dose of vitamin A. Different forms of vitamin A can be converted into RE. (Conversion relationship: 1 μg RE = 1 μg vitiligo = 6 μg Beta-Hussin.)
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From the table we can know that in the early and middle stages of pregnancy, there is no need to increase the intake of vitamin A. But during the third stage of pregnancy and breastfeeding, you can consider eating more vitamin A food or nutritional supplements.
How to take vitamin A from food?There are two forms of vitamin A in human diet, namely vitamin A and provitamin A. Vitamin A mainly comes from animal foods, such as dairy products, fish and meat, and the liver content is particularly large. Provitamin A refers to beta-husturbine, alpha-husturbine and beta-cryptoxanthin. They are mainly found in green leaves, orange and yellow vegetables, tomatoes, fruits and some vegetable oils and other foods. They can be converted into vitamin A in small kidney cells or liver.
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The only three types of hussilensis that can be converted into vitamin A are alpha-hussilensis, beta-hussilensis and beta-hussilensis. Other types of turbid glutinin, vermicelli and corn turbid glutinin are not converted into vitamin A. Among them, the most common one is beta-Hushu, the reason is that it is relatively valuable. One molecule can be converted into two molecules of visual alcohol (pictured above). The ingredient beta-Hushu is often promoted with different effects in the health care product market, and the price of raw materials is much more expensive than beta-Hushu, so it is too cost-effective to use it as vitamin A supplement.
Food Vitamin A content
The following table lists some foods rich in vitamin A. It can be clearly seen in the table that the liver and internal foods are amazing. Generally, the amount of foods can exceed the recommended daily consumption. Therefore, when you go to the next time you buy salted chicken, the internal food should be more convenient; when you go to the noodles or traditional snack bar, don’t say “Boss, come and go to the bowl of water and soup!”. It is not necessary to eat too much vitamin A~
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In Taiwan, single vitamin A supplements, or single nutrition supplements containing only vitamin A, are actually relatively rare types, and it is easier for us to see the traces of vitamin A in complex products. But everyone should note that when choosing vitamin A health products, it is very important to confirm that the product contains vitamin A or beta-hushu. Why do you say this? This is because too much vitamin A can produce toxicity, but beta-hushu is not. Therefore, when choosing this product, you must pay special attention to whether vitamin A or beta-hushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushushus
Also, it is important to remind you that fish liver oil and fish oil are different things! ! ! Here I would like to take out fish liver oil to remind you that it is only one word different from fish oil, and it is easy to be mistaken for fish oil. Fish liver oil is supplemented with vitamin A; fish oil is supplemented with EPA and DHA. Some fish liver oil products made for children taste sweet and sour. Children may feel delicious and eat one after another. In order to avoid over-consuming vitamin A, please do not allow children to get fish liver oil easily!
Avoid supplementation at the same time. Beta-Hushu and Yehuangsu have the same absorption pathway and will compete with each other when taken together. Therefore, please avoid supplementing these two supplements at the same time when taken. What are the problems with excessive vitamin A?
For vitamin A, we should focus on avoiding overdose. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble relationship and can be stored in large quantities in the liver. As long as you eat it, you can continue to accumulate. Although excessive vitamin A is significantly toxic (hypervitamine, hypervitamine), large amounts of beta-hus and other provitamin A types of Hussin do not cause some major side effects (Ref. 4).
Whether it is a large amount of vitamin A at one time or a large amount of vitamin A for a long time, it may cause poisoning. In the past, there were explorers who went to Beiyang to venture. Vitamin A poisoning soon occurred after taking Beiyang Bear's liver. Excessive doses of vitamin A may cause increased internal pressure, headache, discomfort, headache, headache, skin irritation, bone pain, coma, and even death.
Vitamin A supplement dose and side effects
How much vitamin A should be taken to cause side effects? There are two situations: taking it at once, taking it in large quantities and taking it in large quantities for a long period of time (Ref. 2). Taking more than 200,000 RE at one time may cause the following symptoms:
●Disgust●Epilogue
●Disgust
●Funny vision
}When taking more than 10,000 RE per day for a long time may cause the following symptoms:
●Thin bones●Heart
●Abdominal sensation
●Skin stimulation
●Concern and bone pain
●Newborn birth defect
Injury liver
Eat too much vitamin A from diet may lead to poisoning, but this is more likely to occur when taking vitamin A supplements or vitamin A drugs. When people take too much vitamin A, the stock in their body will slowly drop after a period of time after stopping taking it, but it may cause liver damage during the administration (Ref. 5).
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Studies have found that too high or too low concentration of vitiligo in the blood will increase the risk of bone fractures, and it is recommended to choose beta-hussin-form supplementation as much as possible (Ref. 6).
Congenital birth defects
Total vitamin A intake exceeds 3,000 RE and certain synthetic retinoids may lead to congenital birth defects, including deformities in the eyes, bones, lungs, or heart. Women who intend to get pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid taking too much vitamin A supplement.
beta-What happens if you eat too much vegetarian food?
beta-Eating too much vegetarian vegetarian will not cause symptoms of excessive vitamin A. If you really want to say something, the skin will become more orange-yellow. This is like eating too much vegetarian vegetarian. Not to mention the physiological effects, they are all pigments. But don't really think that it will not cause excessive vitamin A to supplement beta-Hushu. No matter what nutrients it is, just take it appropriately.
Eating too much vitamin A can cause cancer? True or fake?
Every time, there is news that eating too much food, nutrients or ingredient "can cause cancer". Vitamin A is also one of the candidates who hear that it may cause cancer, but is this really the case?
The following are three large-scale studies on the relationship between vitamin A and lung cancer risk, so let us take a look at it separately. The content of the research is quite complex. People who are not interested can skip it and read the conclusion of the rough words directly.
1. The Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) targeted 18,314 smokers and smokers. Some men were exposed to asbestos at work. During the four-year tracking period, 30 mg of beta-Hua and 25,000 IU (7500 RE) of vitamin A were supplemented daily (Ref. 7).2.alpha-tofertilizer, beta-hussin Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC study) tracked 29,133 male smokers who had supplemented 50 mg of alpha-tochloride (a type of vitamin E), 20 mg of beta-hussin, or 50 mg of alpha-tochloride with 20 mg of beta-hussin, or pussy agent (Ref. 8).
3. Physician’s Health Study tracked 22,071 male doctors for 12 years, supplementing 325 mg of aspirin + 50 mg of beta-hussilver, 50 mg of beta-hussilver + aspirin comfort, 325 mg of aspirin + beta-hussilver comfort, or both of them were consolators (Ref. 9).
The supplement doses of vitamin A or beta-hussin in these three studies were quite high. Extra-high doses did not prevent the risk of lung cancer. Instead, it was found in the results of CARET and ATBC that supplementation of vitamin A or beta-hussin significantly increased the risk of lung cancer. As for the third physician study, beta-hussiloxin supplementation does not significantly increase the risk of lung cancer, which may be related to only 11% of the people in this group who smoke or quit.
The results of prostate cancer are not so consistent. In CARET, the risk of non-invasive prostate cancer in the daily supplementation of patients is lower than that of people who do not supplement beta-hussin and vitamin A. However, in the ATBC study, there was no significant difference in survival rates between beta-hussil and vitiligo and beta-hussil in the initial blood supplementation. From CARET and ATBC results, we can know that supplementing high doses of beta-husturbin or vitamin A is harmful to people who are smoking, quitting smoke or contacting asbestos. It is not certain to ordinary people, and more research is required to know.
In addition, studies have found that people with the highest concentration of visual alcohol in men's blood will have 20% more risk of developing prostate cancer than those with the lowest concentration (Ref. 10).
When you see this, you need to know that a large amount of vitamin A intake may cause an increase in the incidence of certain cancers. But if you look at the comparison of the vitamin A content in the foods provided above, you should understand that in real life, the daily vitamin A intake of ordinary people is actually very different from that in research. Unless you are intentional, it is really not easy to eat such a rich vitamin A every day! As the old saying goes, just eat appropriately.
Interaction between vitamin A and drugs
The following drugs may interact with vitamin A. Pay special attention during replenishment. Remember to discuss it with the doctor before replenishment.
Anticoagulant drugs
When taking anticoagulant drugs, vitamin A supplementation may increase the risk of bleeding.
bexarotene ( bexarotene )
When using this anti-cancer drug topically, taking vitamin A will increase the risk of side effects of the drug, such as dry skin.
Hepatotoxic drugs
Taking high doses of vitamin A may cause liver injury, and if combined with other drugs that may cause liver injury, it may increase the risk of liver disease.
Pharmacy drugs that affect fat digestion
fattening drugs orlistat (such as: Roth and Rehabilitation Couple) and hypositol-lowering drugs – cholestyramine (such as: Questran, LoCholest and Prevalite) can reduce the absorption of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins. If there are more foods in a certain meal containing vitamin A or provitamin A, it is recommended not to take this type of drug for this meal.
Vitamin A drug
When taking this drug, do not supplement the normal vitamin A, which may make the blood vitamin A concentration too high.
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If you want to give the simplest conclusion, how should you take vitamin A? In fact, if you eat appropriate amounts of vegetables and fruits every day, you should eat small amounts of internal foods, which can meet your body's needs for vitamin A..
Reference1.NIH – Office of Dietary Supplements – Vitamin A
2.Mayo Clinic – Vitamin A
3.Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. 4, Vitamin A.
4. Grune, T., Lietz, G., Palou, A., Ross, A. C., Stahl, W., Tang, G., … & Biesalski, H. K. (2010). β-Carotene Is an Important Vitamin A Source for Humans– 3. The Journal of nutrition, 140(12), 2268S-2285S.
5.Geubel, A., De Galocsy, C., Alves, N., Rahier, J., & Dive, C. (1991). Liver damage caused by therapeutic vitamin A administration: estimate of dose-related toxicity in 41 cases. Gastroenterology, 100(6), 1701-1709.
6.Wu, A. M., Huang, C. Q., Lin, Z. K., Tian, N. F., Ni, W. F., Wang, X. Y., … & Chi, Y. L. (2014). The Relationship Between Vitamin A and Risk of Fracture: Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Studies. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 29(9), 2032-2039.
7.Omenn, G. S., Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Balmes, J., Cullen, M. R., Glass, A., … & Barnhart, S. (1996). Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England journal of medicine, 334(18), 1150-1155.
8.Alpha-Tocopherol Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. (1994). The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incident of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. New England Journal of Medicine, 330(15), 1029-1035.
9.Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M., Rosner, B., Cook, N. R., … & Willett, W. (1996). Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incident of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 334(18), 1145-1149.
10.Mondul, A. M., Watters, J. L., Männistö, S., Weinstein, S. J., Snyder, K., Virtamo, J., & Albanes, D. (2011). Serum retinol and risk of prostate cancer. American journal of epidemicmiology, 173(7), 813-821.
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